Chapter 94

Ninth - Index of Rules and Clarifications mentioned in the footnotes - Atomic Bomb / 1353. - Qandil (Lantern/Lamp): It has hanging lamps / 1206. - Al-Qawad (Retaliation/Qisas): Until you take retaliation from me / 1044. There is no retaliation (qawad) and no expiation / 1123. - Al-Qaylulah (Midday Nap): The midday nap, and 'al-Qa'ilah': He woke up from sleep at midday / 929. - Qiyam (Standing/Establishment): A means of support (qiyam) for the people, and the sacred month / 1513. - Qayyim (Upright/Everlasting): That is the upright religion / 1506. - Qayn (Blacksmith): I was a blacksmith in Mecca / 1644. - Kabd al-Qaws (The center of the bow) / 963. - Al-Kabirah (Major sin) and Al-Kaba'ir: What is their definition? / 1174. - Kitab (Book): 'Those who were given the Book': Who are they? / 1453. Twelve months in the Book of Allah / 1506. - Kathr (Increasing): Increasing the numbers (of the army), and he is a 'mukathir' (one who increases) / 881. - Kathib (Sand dune): If they both confirm you, strike them... By Allah, they are behind this sand dune / 1537. - Al-Kadid / 397. - Al-Kura' (Horses and military equipment) / 1009, 1073, 1648. - Kas'h: She cleared its thorns / 1390. - Kashf (Uncovering): No garment was uncovered for her / 1582. - Umm Kulthum bint Ali bin Abi Talib / 1014. - Kufr (Disbelief): From disbelief or apostasy - a person performing duties without believing in their obligation / 132. - Kufr: I will not commit disbelief until Allah causes you to die and then resurrects you / 1058. - Al-Kall (Burden/Dependent): And whoever leaves behind a burden/dependent / 1208. - Kalm (Wound): No one is wounded in the cause of Allah... / 1212. - Commonwealth / 347. - Kayd and Makidah (Cunning/Strategy): Opinion, war, and strategy / 1297. - Kimiya (Chemistry): Chemical weapons / 1359. - La (No/Not): The adulterer does not commit adultery... while he is a believer / 1412. - Al-Lajaj (Obstinacy): If they both ride the path of obstinacy / 1662. - Al-Luhy (Jaw) / 445. - Lisan (Tongue): Strive (jihad) against the polytheists with your wealth, your selves, and your tongues / 1005. - Lughah (Language): The Arabic language, who possesses the authority to establish it? / 38. - Landmine / 1047. 1861 ¶

Ninth - Index of Rules and Clarifications Contained in the Footnotes ¶

- Al-Liqa' (Meeting): 'Laqaytum alladhina kafaru' (When you meet those who disbelieve) / 1172, 1192. - Al-Lakkam (Mountain range) / 1470, 1493. - Lan (Never): 'Lan yaj'ala Allahu lil-kafirina 'ala al-mu'minina sabila' (Allah will never grant the disbelievers a way over the believers) / 1067. - Al-La'imi (Pertaining to the mean/lowly) / 1713. - Logistics / 966. - Ibn Abi Layla / 1367. - Ma (Not): 'Ma kana linabiyyin an yakuna lahu asra' (It is not for a Prophet to have captives) / 1555. - Mara, Yamiru (To provide provisions): The Prophet (PBUH) commanded Thumamah to provide grain (yamira) to the people of Mecca / 1648. - Mazir (Region) / 335. - Mazari (The Mazari) / 335. - Al-Mal (Wealth): 'Lawla al-mal alladhi ahmilu 'alayhi fi sabil Allah?' (Were it not for the wealth with which I provide mounts for the sake of Allah?) What is it? And what was its quantity? / 1090. - Al-Mawardi / 335. - Imperialism / 1640. - The Meter / 1570. - Matn (Back/Text): 'Ala mutuniha' (On their backs) / 1014. - Mathul: 'La tumathilu' (Do not mutilate) / 1304. - Al-Muthla (Mutilation) / 762. - Majannah (Place name) / 315. - Magians of the Berbers / 1462. - Mikhlaf (District) / 335. - Al-Mudd (Unit of measurement) / 1086. - Al-Maddah (Truce/Treaty): 'Wa Safwan yawma'idhin, mushrik fi al-maddah' (And Safwan was at that time a polytheist in the truce) / 1040. - Al-Madr (Settled/Urban life) / 775, 778. - Al-Marj: 'Al-Harj wa al-Marj' (Chaos and disorder) / 657. - Al-Mursal (The Mursal Hadith) / 1319. - Mirt (A type of cloak/garment) / 1014. - Al-Musaifah (Sword fighting/Fencing) / 1366. - Mask (From jewelry/ornaments) / 1087. - Al-Mustansir / 852. - Al-Mustaliq: The Ghazwa (Expedition) of Al-Mustaliq, when was it? / 490. ¶

1862 ¶

Ninth - Index of Rules and Clarifications Mentioned in the Footnotes ¶

- Al-Muta'anah (archery/slander) / 1366. - Ma'a: Qutila akhuha [Haram bin Milhan] ma'i (Her brother was killed with me) / 1234. - Ma'unah: Bi'r Ma'unah / 489, 808, 809, 1574. - Al-Maqqari: Author of 'Nafh al-Tib' / 1579. - Al-Mann (bestowing a favor/reproach) / 1419. - Manna, Tamanna: La tamannaw liqa' al-'adu (Do not wish for an encounter with the enemy) / 888. - Manjaniq (Catapult): The Prophet (PBUH) set up the catapult / 1267. - Man'ah (Power/Influence): If I had the power/means, I would have cast him off the back of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) / 1317. - Ibn al-Munayyir / 1378. - Al-Mahr (Horse): Sawmtu muhri (I negotiated the price of my horse) / 1237. - Al-Muwada'ah (Peace treaty/truce) / 1475. - Al-Muwata'ah (Collusion/Concurrence): When there was collusion between the people of Makkah and the people of Khaybar / 1482. - Al-Musa (Razor): Kill those who have reached the age of the razor (puberty) / 1561. - Montgomery / 1125. - Al-Mayl (Mile) / 1570. - Nakh: Thumma anakhahu (Then he made it kneel) ... fa-atharah (then he raised it) / 1280. - Nar (Fire): Nar al-tahwil (Fire of intimidation), and Nar al-hilf (Fire of alliance/oath) / 1627. - Al-Nadih (Water-drawing camel) / 965. - Nabd: Nabd al-'ahd (Abrogation/breaking of a treaty) / 1386, 1478. - Nabat, Nabit: Do not be like the Nabit (peasant farmers) of al-Sawad / 1138. - Nabl: Wa munbiluhu (And his archer) / 1059. - Natn: Natna (Foul/stinking people): If he had spoken to me regarding these foul ones, I would have left them for him / 1539. - Al-Najashi / 798, And when did he die? / 800. - Al-Naj'ah (Seeking pasture/livelihood) / 546. - Nakhl: And Batn Nakhl / 1375, 1392. - Nakhlah / 272. - Al-Nakhwah (Arrogance/Chivalry) / 1144. - Nada, Tandiyah: La yatandawna min dima' al-nas (They do not get stained with the blood of people) / 144. - Nadar: Darabtu ra's al-rajul, fanadar (I struck the man's head, and it fell off/detached) / 1280. - Al-Nuzul (Hospitality/Alighting) / 548. ¶

1863 ¶

Ninth - Index of rules and explanations mentioned in the footnotes - Nasa: He was granted a delay in his term / 563. - Nasaba: Then he traced my lineage / 238. - Nis'ah: He tied it to his arm with a leather strap / 1026. - Nashaba: I did not entangle it / 449. - Nasab: Thirst, and no fatigue / 1413. - Nasaha: Istinsah (seeking advice): It is permissible to seek advice from some enemy kings / 1634. - Al-Nasr (Victory): Hoping for victory by reading Sahih al-Bukhari / 1568. Help your brother whether he is an oppressor or oppressed, and the first to say this / 1698. - Nisf: Our companions did not treat us fairly / 1400. - Nasif: To place it as a veil/covering on her head / 840. - Nasl: Ittasil: Rajab is the month of unfastening (removing) spearheads / 1507. - Nadala: Al-Munadalah (archery competition), Al-Tanadul (shooting at each other) / 973, 978. - Al-Nazar (Reflection/Observation) / 1107. - Na'l al-Sayf (The scabbard/sheath of the sword) / 1147. - Al-Na'am (Livestock/Camels) / 1089, 1443. - Nafh al-Tib, by al-Maqqari / 1579. - Nafl: Nafl (extra spoils), Tanfil (awarding additional spoils) / 1051, 1124, 1179, 1280, 1430, 1582. - Al-Nafir al-'Aam (General Mobilization) / 258, 637, 986, 1003. - Naqaza: The water skins leaping/jumping / 1014. - Naqd: Violation of the treaty by some of the Dhimmis; when is it considered a violation by all of them? / 495. - Al-Naqibah (Natural disposition/resolve) / 424. - Nikius, or Nikiu: Its name today is 'Shishin' / 633. - Nikah: They marry those who would be shameful to marry / 795. - Nama: He speaks good, or conveys/spreads good / 1296. - Namirah: So he shrouded him in a Namirah (a striped garment) / 1221. - Nahada: Do you not rise/advance towards them? / 1450. - Al-Tawbah (Repentance) / 555. - Futi / 1047. - Nail: To attain or gain something from an enemy / 1413. - Neutron: The neutron bomb / 1359. 1864 ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Assyria: Assyria and its expansionist wars / 10 - Father: The role of the father in preventing his son from Jihad / 940 - Foreigners: Non-Muslim foreigners in the Islamic army / 1050 - Hired Worker (Ajir): A Muslim working as a hired laborer for disbelievers in their lands / 1644 - Occupation: The enemy's occupation of Muslim lands / 632 - Burning: Burning the enemy with fire / 1350 - Local Administration: The enemies' condition to remain independent in local administration - in order to enter Islam / 1444 - Permission (Idhn): - State permission to eliminate munkarat (vices) / 105 - State permission for combat against the enemy / 245, 251, 930 - 'Salamah bin al-Akwa' fighting the enemy without prior permission from the Prophet ﷺ / 247 - 'Al-Ashja'i' seizing enemy property by way of stealth, without prior permission from the Prophet ﷺ / 249 - The absence of permission to fight in Makkah, and the revelation of permission after leaving it for the Hijrah to Madinah / 453 - Parents' permission for the son to go to Jihad / 940 - Creditor's permission for the debtor to go to Jihad / 492 - Permission for children to accompany the army / 1030 - Souls: Preserving the lives of soldiers / 1225 - Usamah: The Prophet's ﷺ appointment of 'Usamah bin Zayd' as commander of the army heading toward the Levant (al-Sham) / 506 - Causes: The causes leading to results are three: inevitable, probabilistic (majority), and illusory / 1568 ¶

1865 ¶

Tenth - Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Istibaha (Declaring permissible): - The intended meaning of declaring the honor of the people of Dar al-Harb permissible / 1411. - The enemy's land is permissible [to engage], unless a Muslim enters it under a guarantee of safety (aman) / 77. - Istikhlaf (Succession): Appointment of a successor: It is merely a nomination for the caliphate, not a Sharia-compliant method for acquiring power / 168. - Strategy: Its definition / 1292. Strategic centers / 1640. Strategic materials / 1641. - Istiraqaq (Enslavement): Among the rulings regarding prisoners of war / 1548. - Istislam (Surrender): - Surrendering to be killed during times of civil strife (fitna) / 153. - The enemy surrendering to be taken captive in battle / 1555. - The surrender of the enemy army, or the people of Dar al-Harb, unconditionally / 1559. - The surrender of Muslim individuals and their groups to the enemy / 1573. - Istishhad (Martyrdom): Martyrdom operations / 1399. - Seeking the assistance of disbelievers (kuffar) in war / 1037. [Including: Consulting them and seeking their advice in warfare / 1628, 1634]. - Asra (Prisoners of War): - Enemy prisoners: Their capture, conditions, treatment, and the ruling concerning them / 1530. - Muslim and Dhimmi prisoners: The obligation to secure their release / 1581. - Alexander: The conquests of Alexander the Great / 11. The post-Alexander period / 11. - Islam: - The entry of the people of Dar al-Harb into Islam / 794. - Ceasing combat if the enemy announces their conversion to Islam / 1437. - Encouraging the people of Dar al-Harb to convert to Islam through various methods used by the Prophet ﷺ / 1441. - The effect of the conversion of the people of Dar al-Harb on the protection of their lives, and other matters / 1447. - Weapons: Weapons of mass destruction / 1343. - Ashhur al-Hurum (Sacred Months): The sacred months are a cause for ceasing combat with the enemy / 1505. - I’anah (Assistance): Assisting disbelievers against other disbelievers in war and combat / 1636. - A’dhar (Excuses): Excuses that absolve the obligation of Jihad, and modern means have nullified some of those excuses / 998. - A’rad (Honor): Fighting to defend the honor of Muslims, and modern manifestations of aggression against it / 641. ¶

1866 ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Ikrah (Coercion): - Forcing a Muslim to fight his fellow Muslims / 1667. - No compulsion in religion / 1616. - Ima’ (Slave girls): Obtaining slave girls is among the ancient causes of warfare / 18. - Imam: Is the presence of an Imam for the Muslims a condition for fulfilling the duty of fighting the enemy, whether for defense or for offense? / 250. - Imamate (Caliphate): - Methods of attaining the Imamate / 167. - Evidence for the view that the Imamate is established through subjugation (military force), and the refutation thereof / 169. - Aman (Security/Safe Conduct): - A Muslim entering the land of the enemy under safe conduct prevents him from looting and taking spoils, except according to al-Shawkani / 277. - It is not permissible to abduct or take hostage the Musta’min (protected) non-Muslims residing in Muslim lands / 1385. - Defending those granted safe conduct in the Dar al-Islam / 700. - The Musta’min spy / 1283. - The enemy using those with safe conduct as human shields is like using Muslims as human shields / 1335. - The legitimacy of Aman, its regulation, and its role in halting combat / 1498. - The Muslim Musta’min in the land of the enemy—treachery is forbidden for him, and the peculiarity of al-Shawkani’s opinion on this / 277, 1503. - America: America uses force to abolish human servitude (to others than God) / 524. - Suicide: Suicide operations and similar acts... / 1399. - Discipline: Military discipline and the role of concepts and creed in fostering it / 1098. - Children: The involvement of children in the army / 1024. - Abu Bara’: The story of Abu Bara’, 'Mula’ib al-Asinna' (The Player with Spears) / 808. - Abu Basir: Abu Basir and his companions, may Allah be pleased with them, fought the Quraysh during the period of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah / 247, 811. - Bud’ (Intercourse/Chastity): The fundamental rule regarding private parts is prohibition, even with respect to the people of war (Ahl al-Harb) / 1417. - Baghy (Rebellion): Fighting the rebels / 61. - Baghy (Adultery): The adulteress: Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, made his slave girl chaste, who was previously an adulteress / 1423. 1867 ¶

Tenth - Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Sale (Bay’): - Selling weapons and strategic materials to the people of the Dar al-Harb (territory of war) / 1639. - Selling weapons during war and during fitna (civil strife) / 1641. - Allegiance (Bay'ah): The Bay'ah is the Shariah-compliant method for assuming authority / 167. ¶

- Allegiance (Bay'ah): - The Bay'ah of the Ansar for war on the night of 'Aqabah, and the terms upon which the pledge was made / 315. - The stages of meetings between the Prophet ﷺ and the Aws and Khazraj, leading to the pledge of war / 416. - The First Bay'ah of 'Aqabah, and its role in seeking 'nusrah' (support) and striving to achieve it / 422. - The terms upon which the Second Bay'ah of 'Aqabah was based, and its relationship with the use of war, if necessary, to establish the Islamic State / 430. ¶

- Leasing (Ta'jir): Leasing military bases and airports to other countries / 169. - History: History of wars before Islam (a brief overview) / 3. - Arrogant strutting (Tabakhtur): Strutting in battle / 1146. - Night attack (Tabyit): Launching a night raid against enemies / 1264. - Using as a shield (Tatarrus) - Human shields: The enemy using their children, etc., or Muslims as human shields, whether during necessity to fight them or when there is no necessity / 1268. - Trade: Trading with the Dar al-Harb / 1648. - Espionage (Tajassus): - Spying on the enemy / 961. - Definition of espionage and acts of spying / 1150. - The Muslim spy / 1154. The Dhimmi spy / 1163. The hostile disbeliever (Harbi) spy / 1281. - Equipment (Tajhizat): Military equipment and a warning against negligence regarding it / 1012. - Liberation (Tahrir): Fighting – historically – to liberate lands from foreign occupation / 24. - Arbitration (Tahkim): Shariah arbitration is the binding method for resolving armed conflicts between Muslims / 1664. - Intervention (Tadakhul): - Intervention in the internal affairs of others is an ancient cause for war / 23. - Intervention in the affairs of others to remove injustice from the oppressed / 718. ¶

1868 ¶

Tenth - Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Modalities of the Islamic State’s intervention, or lack thereof, to defend other nations and states / 729. - Is Jihad considered interference in the affairs of others? / 818. - Training: Military training / 969. - Mass Destruction: Weapons of mass destruction / 1343. - Arrangements: Security arrangements / 1622, 1715. - Encouragement: Encouraging the people of war (Ahl al-Harb) to embrace Islam / 1441. - Adornment: Adorning war equipment with silver / 1147. - Surrender/Handing over: - Handing over Muslim lands to the enemy / 1576. - Handing over the bodies of the enemy to their kin / 1323. - Association (Tashreek): The issue of associating partners in worship, including Jihad / 277. - Dissection: Dissecting enemy corpses for medical research purposes / 1311. - Deception: Deceiving the enemy in war / 1291. - Purification: Purging the army of corrupt elements / 1110. - Overpowering: Seizing power (by force) is not a legitimate method / 168. - Change: The Shariah method for changing situations is changing what is within oneself / 296. - Mutilation (Tamthil): Mutilating the bodies of the enemy / 1300. - Rebellion: What if some forces in the country rebel when the Islamic State is established? / 320. - Supplies: Supplying the army in war / 963. - Balance: [Balance of power]. - Restoring balance with opponents is an ancient reason for combat / 25. - The Shariah balance between Muslims and others is represented by the Muslim force being half the strength of the enemy / 1185. - The standard in the balance of power, according to the majority (Jumhur), is the number of fighters on each side. We prefer considering the total power of both parties / 1186. - Ambiguity (Tawriyah): Using ambiguity in war / 1294. - Revenge: Revenge is among the ancient causes of combat / 16. - Wealth: (Subterranean resources): Contracting with non-Muslims to extract the earth's treasures / 1651. ¶

1869 ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms - Rebellion (Thawra): Combat in the past to suppress internal rebellions / 22. [The Slave Revolt in Sicily]. - Coward: A coward is not suitable for the army or combat / 1012. - Corpses (Juthath): The corpses of the enemies / 1299. - Bacteriological (Jurthumiyya): Bacteriological weapons / 1359. - Jizya: - The meaning of Jizya / 1452. - Cessation of combat upon the commitment to pay Jizya / 1453. - From whom is Jizya accepted? / 1456. - Conditions for the obligation of Jizya / 1464. - The alternative to Jizya / 1465. - Arabian Peninsula (Jazirat al-Arab): The boundaries of the Arabian Peninsula in Shariah texts / 1462. - Jihad: - Definition of Jihad: 35. - Authorization for Jihad and combat / 453. - Accounts of Jihad in the Prophetic Biography (Ghazawat and Saraya), their cessation through treaties, and the rulings derived therefrom / 467. - Causes of the Prophet's ﷺ wars (Ghazawat and Saraya): Were they for defense or also for offense? / 506. - Causes or motives for declaring Jihad on all fronts during the Rightly-Guided Caliphate / 541. - Reasons for declaring Jihad in Islam / 581. (1) Responding to aggression / 605. (2) Standing in the way of the Islamic Call (Da'wah) / 739. - Rulings of Jihad, detailed as in the books of Islamic Fiqh / 1435. - The virtue of Jihad / 835. - Reasons for the cessation of Jihad and combat in Islam / 1435. (1) The conversion of enemies to Islam / 1437. (2) Payment of Jizya and the acceptance of the people of war (Ahl al-Harb) to submit to Islamic rule / 1451. (3) Treaties and safe conduct (Aman) / 1471. (4) The Sacred Months (al-Ashhur al-Hurum) / 1505. (5) Defeat, surrender, and capture / 1527. 1870 ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Jihad in the Modern Era: * Jihad in theoretical research / 1599. [Among Muslims / 1601] and [Among non-Muslims, and in encyclopedias / 1611]. * Jihad in the reality of warfare in the modern era / 1623. * Jihad with wealth / 1078. - Army: - The Islamic army as an instrument of Jihad / 951. - Army organization / 955. - Army training / 969. - Human elements of the Islamic army / 983. - Who are the members of the regular army: those in whom the conditions for the obligation of Jihad are met, and what are these conditions? / 994. - Reserve army / 1003. - Popular armament (reserve army) / 1004. - Volunteer men in the army / 1010. - Participation of women in the army / 1013. - Participation of children in the army / 1024. - Participation of Ahl al-Dhimma (protected non-Muslims) in the army / 1036. - Foreigners in the Islamic army / 1050. - Material elements of the Islamic army / 1055. - Methods of obtaining weapons for the army / 1057. - Financial resources for army expenses / 1071. - The Deviant Ruler: - Fighting the deviant ruler / 116. - Fires: - Setting fires in the lands of the enemy / 1265. - Hirabah: Highway robbery: - Fighting against Muharibin (those who wage war against society) - highway robbers - people of Hirabah / 71. - War: - History of wars before Islam (a brief overview) / 3. ¶

Tenth - Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Causes of wars before Islam / 14. - A brief overview of the reports of wars, their termination through treaties in the Prophetic Biography (Seerah), and the prominent rulings derived from them / 467. - What is the fundamental principle in the relationship between the Islamic state and other states - peace or war? / 821. - When is recourse made to war? / 1125. - The reality of ancient and modern wars, who are the combatants, and who among the 'people of war' (ahl al-harb) are not? / 1241. - Wars between Islamic countries / 1655. [See also: The Fighting of Fitna (civil strife): 141]. - The Gulf War... / 1658. - The position of non-combatants regarding wars between Muslims, and how disputes between them are resolved / 1661. Sanctities (Hurumat): - Fighting to defend private sanctities: life, honor, and property / 87. - Fighting to defend public sanctities: fighting to remove evils from society... / 91. - Husayn ibn Ali (may Allah be pleased with them both): Refutation of the 'Karamiya' in their claim that 'Husayn' was among those who rebelled against 'Yazid ibn Mu'awiya' / 26. - Civilizations: In other civilizations - material value is above human value / 1361. - Rights: - Rights of the Dhimmi (protected non-Muslim citizens) / 208. - Rights of combatants, or members of the Islamic army / 1122. - Alliance (Hilf): Alliances, Allies: - Coercion to enter into alliances is an ancient cause of fighting / 26. - Defending the allies of the Muslims / 702. - Hilf al-Fudul (The League of the Virtuous) / 719. - The alliance of Khuza'a / 722 [See also: 1631]. - Military alliances: their definition, their ruling... / 1625. - Hima (Protected Zone): The Hima is part of public property for the benefit of the army and jihad / 1088. - Deception: Deception (Khud'a) in war / 1281. - Kidnapping: - Kidnapping enemy subjects and taking them as hostages / 1381. - Who among the enemy personnel is forbidden to be kidnapped or taken as hostages / 1383. 1872 ¶

Tenth: Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms - The kidnapping of Meccans by the group of 'Abu Basir' during the period of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah / 1389. - Examples of kidnapping in the Prophetic biography (Sirah) and the underlying objectives / 1389. - Caliph (Khalifa): - Is the presence of a Caliph for the Muslims a condition for fulfilling the obligation of Jihad? / 871. - The Caliph of the Muslims is the supreme commander of the army / 1100. - Alcohol (Khamr): The ruling on alcohol, fermented drinks (nabidh), both small and large quantities / 104. - Arrogance (Khuyala'): Arrogance in war / 1143. - Abode (Dar): Dar al-Islam (Abode of Islam), and Dar al-Kufr or Dar al-Harb (Abode of Disbelief or War) / 659. - Shields (Duru'): Human shields [See: Tatarrus 1327]. - Support (Da'm): Financial, military, and political support for combat organizations [See: Organizations 1683]. - Call (Da'wah): - The Islamic Da'wah in Mecca, before the Hijrah, and before the legislation of Jihad, and its three stages / 371. (1) Stage of secrecy and concealment / 377. (2) Stage of public proclamation / 389. (3) Stage of seeking 'Nusrah' (support) from tribal leaders to protect the Da'wah and establish the Islamic state / 401. - The Islamic Da'wah in the Medinan period, after the legislation of Jihad / 451. - Rulings on inviting to Islam or to Jizyah (accepting Islamic governance) before declaring combat / 779. - Defense (Difa'): - Defense of private sanctities: life, honor, and property / 77. - Defense of public sanctities: to eliminate vices / 89. - Self-defense in the war of Fitna (civil strife) / 153, 1667. - Defense of Dar al-Islam and its inhabitants / 676. - Defense of Islamic lands and their inhabitants: Muslims and Ahl al-Dhimmah (protected people), even if not technically considered Dar al-Islam / 677. - Defense of Muslims residing in the lands of Kufr, under certain conditions / 681. - Jihad - Is it only a defensive war, or also an offensive/expansionist one? / 815. - Burial (Dafn): - Burial of the martyrs / 1226. 1873 ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Burial, or concealing the corpses of the enemy / 1315. - Motivations: Motivations for declaring Jihad on all fronts during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate / 541. - State: - Combat for establishing the Islamic State / 285. - The status of the Islamic State in the Prophetic era among the entities and states within and around it / 472. - Dhimma: People of the Covenant (Ahl al-Dhimma), the Covenant of Dhimma: - Fighting the People of the Covenant / 203. - Definition of the People of the Covenant / 206. - Obligations and rights of the People of the Covenant / 209. - Nullifiers of the Covenant of Dhimma / 210. - The People of the Covenant taking up arms against Muslims / 213. - The People of the Covenant in our current era / 218. - Aggression against the People of the Covenant is like aggression against Muslims / 693. - Accepting the People of War (Ahl al-Harb) into the Dhimma, and its implications / 804. - The People of the Covenant and military conscription / 1036. - The spy from the People of the Covenant / 1163. - The enemy using the People of the Covenant as a human shield, just as they do with Muslims / 1335. - The form of the Covenant of Dhimma / 1452. - From which religions and races is the Covenant of Dhimma accepted? / 1456. - The prohibition of backbiting a Dhimmi is like the backbiting of a Muslim, and the prohibition of harming them absolutely, such as wounding them verbally by saying: "O Kaafir" / 1469. - Prisoners of war and the Covenant of Dhimma for them / 1552. - Leaders: Retaining the leaders of warring countries and those of high status in their authorities and positions if they accept Islam / 1441. Apostasy (Ridda): - Fighting the apostates (Ahl al-Ridda) / 53. - It is not permissible to contract a Dhimma for apostates / 1464. Deterrence (Rad'): - Deterrence and terror - an ancient cause for combat / 15. - Definition of deterrence in military terminology / 957. 1874 ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Slavery, Slaves: - Combat in ancient times for the purpose of obtaining slaves / 15. - Imposing slavery upon captives / 1419. - Imposing slavery upon male prisoners of war / 1548. ¶

- Hostages: - Hostages in modern parlance / 1381, 1589, 1598. - Hostages in the terminology of Islamic Fiqh / 1590. - Mortgage (Rahn): The Prophet (PBUH) mortgaging his armor with a Jew / 1644. - Spirit (Ruh): The spiritual strength of the Muslims is the secret of their victories over forces greater than them / 1185. - Rome: The rise of the Roman Empire and its conquests / 11. - Ostentation (Riya'): Showing off in combat / 273, 919. - Zama: The Battle of Zama / 27. ¶

- Zakat: - The share of 'Fi Sabilillah' (in the way of Allah) from Zakat is a financial resource for the army and Jihad / 1076. - The treaty of Dhimma with the Ahl al-Harb (people of war), by taking an amount equivalent to Zakat from the Muslims instead of Jizya / 1465. - Adultery (Zina): Adultery with the women of the Ahl al-Harb - is it considered among the legitimate appropriation of their honor? / 1411. - Captivity (Saby): Enslaving captives (women and children) from enemy lands / 1418. - Ambassadors (Sufara'): It is not permissible to kidnap state ambassadors or take them as hostages / 1282. ¶

- Weaponry (Silah): - Weapons of mass destruction used to strike enemy lands where Muslims are also present / 931. - Attention to cavalry, archery, engineering, and the navy during the Prophetic era / 976. - Providing weapons to fighters in the early Islamic period / 1004. - Donations for weapons, for various groups - today - without state permission / 1007. - Methods of obtaining weapons for the Islamic army, in ancient and modern times / 1057. - Weapons that do not distinguish between those who are permissible to kill and those who are not / 1264. - Incendiary weapons / 1265. - Projectile weapons and the encouragement to use them, including both ancient and modern weapons / 1267. ¶

- Authority (Sulta): - The struggle for power is an ancient cause for combat / 21. ¶

1875 ¶

Tenth: Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms - Authority in Islam belongs to the Ummah, like property belonging to its owner, and neither can be transferred to others except through a legitimate contract / 167. - Illegitimate methods of obtaining authority, including usurpation (ghasb) / 168. - Arguments for the position of seizing authority by force (taghallub), and the refutation thereof / 169. - Legitimacy of fighting those who have usurped authority / 191. - Peace (Silm): - Peace treaties are legitimate according to public interest (maslaha) and are not restricted to the three options (Islam, Jizya, or War) / 806. - Peace treaties and the condition of allowing the call (da'wah) to Islam / 809. - Peace treaties and the condition of refraining from the call to Islam / 810. - Peace treaties: their legitimacy, reasons for their conclusion, and their types / 1471. - War Policy: - The shift in war policy during the Prophetic era from defense to offense after the (Battle of the Trench) / 491. - War policy and its Shariah rulings / 1091. (1) Treatment of members of the Islamic army / 1093. (2) Treatment of enemies in war / 1239. (3) War operations and various actions that fall between permissibility and prohibition / 1324. - Prophetic Biography (Seerah): Referring to the Prophetic Biography and the purified Sunnah to explain how to conduct combat against the enemy / 246. - Domination (Saytara): - Combat in ancient times to impose domination over others by force / 19. - Combat in ancient times to dominate the world / 23. - Sword: Spreading Islam by the sword, a claim and its discussion / 1616. - Conditions: - Conditions for the obligation of Jihad / 994. - Conditions for recruitment into the regular Islamic army, and who establishes these conditions? / 1000. - Conditions that should be met in a military commander / 1122. - Slogans: Raising nationalist slogans is prohibited / 1136. - Civil Unrest (Shaghab): Purifying the country from elements of unrest by channeling their energies into expansionary wars / 28. ¶

Tenth - Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Martyr (Shahid): The martyr, his rulings, and his family after him / 1197. - Sheikh: Which elderly man (Sheikh) among the enemy ranks is not to be killed? / 1273. - Patience (Sabr): - When is it mandatory to have patience with a deviant ruler? / 127. - Are today's rulers like the legitimate Imams whom one must exercise patience with? / 295. - Children (Sibyan): Fighting the enemy's children / 923. - Charity (Sadaqat): Voluntary charity for Jihad and the army / 1084. - Conflict (Sira'): - Conflict over power as an ancient cause of fighting / 19. - Conflict over important (strategic) lands as an ancient cause of fighting / 22. - Prayer (Salah): - Should the funeral prayer be performed for a martyr? / 1219. - Delaying prayers from their designated times for military considerations / 1365. - The Prayer of Fear (Salat al-Khawf) and the Prayer of Intense Fear / 1373. - The legislation of the Prayer of Fear during the expedition of (Dhat al-Riqa') before the expedition of (the Trench/al-Khandaq) / 1374. - The Prophet ﷺ delaying several prayers during the expedition of (the Trench) / 1376. - The Prophet's ﷺ order to his companions not to pray Dhuhr or Asr until reaching (Banu Qurayza), and his approval of them praying after the time had passed / 1377. - The companions delaying the Fajr prayer until after the day had risen during the siege of 'Tustar' / 1378. - Our preference in this matter / 1379. - Peace/Reconciliation (Sulh): - Reconciliation between Muslims in their armed conflicts / 147, 1661, 1701. - Negotiations regarding a peace treaty with some of the parties (Ahzab) at (the Trench) / 491, 1489, 1491. - The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the purpose of concluding it / 497, 1481. [The breaking of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the Conquest of Makkah: / 500]. - The Peace of (Ayla) / 1485. - Military Industry: - Relying on indigenous military industry to secure weapons for the Islamic army / 1063. - Aggression (Siyal): Fighting against Siyal (i.e., aggression against private sanctities/rights) / 77. [See also: 1692, 1693]. ¶

1877 ¶

Tenth - Index of Topics and Fiqhi Terms ¶

- Taxes: Are financial taxes imposed for the army and jihad? / 1079. - Harm (Darar): - Fighting the enemy is prohibited if it leads to harm to Muslims / 946. - Expelling harmful elements from the army / 1109. - Explanation of the Hadith: 'There should be neither harming nor reciprocating harm' / 1632 [See: 1647]. - Necessity: Situations of necessity requiring fighting the enemy, even if they use Muslims as human shields (tatarrus) / 1330. - Light (Daw'): - Explanation of the Hadith: 'Do not seek light from the fire of the polytheists' / 1627. - Verification of the status of the Hadith: (Do not seek...) / 1632. - Obedience (Ta'ah): - The ruling on obeying authorities today regarding fighting the enemy, whether they command or forbid it / 260. - The meaning of obedience, its ruling, and its effect on military discipline / 1098. - To whom is obedience due in the army? And the limits of mandatory obedience versus forbidden obedience / 1099. - Taif: The conversion of the people of Taif to Islam, and the revelation of the opening of Surah Bara'ah (At-Tawbah) / 502. [See: 1444]. - Greed (Tama'): - Greed and the desire for abundance are ancient causes of combat / 15. - Greed for inheriting states is one of the ancient causes of combat / 25. - Injustice (Zulm): - Fighting to aid the oppressed / 17. - Fighting to remove injustice from nations, such as removing corrupt laws existing among them (like the legalization of adultery/zina), is not an independent cause for combat / 729. - Aggression ('Udwan): - Aggression against Muslims is one of the reasons for declaring jihad against the enemy / 605. - Aggression against Dhimmis, those granted sanctuary (Musta'min), and allies is aggression against Muslims / 693. - Is aggression committed against disbelievers who are not Dhimmis, Musta'min, or allies considered a cause for combat in Islam? / 709. - Arabs: A glimpse into the military history of the Arabs before Islam / 13. - Dismissal (Azl): - Dismissing excellent commanders without suspicion for the sake of public interest, such as (Umar's) dismissal of (Khalid ibn al-Walid) / 1117. ¶

Tenth: Index of Subjects and Jurisprudential Terms - The engagement of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) with female captives (al-sabiy) while practicing 'azl (coitus interruptus) with them, in anticipation of ransom / 1442. - Asif (Laborer/Servant): - Who is the 'asif' among the enemy combatants who is not to be killed? / 1270. - 'Isyan (Disobedience/Insubordination): Denunciation of disobeying the leadership’s orders, and manifestations of disobedience / 249, 1112. - 'Aqaba: - The First Pledge of 'Aqaba / 422. - The Second Pledge of 'Aqaba / 315, 430. - 'Aqd al-Dhimma (Contract of Dhimma): Among the rulings regarding prisoners of war is entering into a contract of dhimma with them. Meaning: granting them citizenship and making them citizens / 1553. - 'Uquba (Punishment): - Punishment for a Muslim spy / 1157. - Punishment for a Dhimmi spy / 1163. - Punishment for a Harbi (enemy at war) disbelieving spy / 1281. - Punishment for a Musta'man or Mu'ahid spy / 1183. - Punishment for fleeing from the battlefield / 1192. - The nature of the relationship: Peace or War? What is the fundamental basis for the relationship between the Islamic State and other states, peace or war? / 821. - The 'illa (legal cause) for fighting the enemy: - Is it disbelief (kufr)? Is it the refusal to live under Islamic rule? Is it actual combat? Or is it merely the capability to fight? / 1251. - The legal cause for killing the enemy in war is merely the capability to fight. The legal cause for fighting the lands of disbelief is their refusal to surrender power to the Muslims / 1260. - The legal cause for the prohibition of killing women: - It is a compound cause based on the fact that she does not engage in combat while also being a woman / 1270. - Sciences: The obligation of acquiring the necessary knowledge for manufacturing advanced weaponry / 1068. - Violence: Violence and combat during the three stages of the Islamic da'wah in Mecca / 431. - Ghara (Raiding): - Raids by nomadic tribes—pre-dating historical eras—on the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia / 6. - Raiding combat in Islam, for the purpose of seizing enemy wealth / 229. ¶

Tenth - Index of Topics and Jurisprudential Terms ¶

- Ghazawat (Military Campaigns): An overview of the Ghazawat and Sariya, their suspension through treaties in the Prophetic Biography (Seerah), and the lessons derived from them / 467. - Ghulul (Embezzlement of war booty): The prevalence of Ghulul by the hypocrites and Bedouins in the Prophet’s (PBUH) army / 1112. - Ghana'im (War Spoils): War spoils as a financial resource for the army and Jihad / 1072. - Ghayrah (Sense of Honor/Zeal): Zeal for honor and chastity is an ancient cause for combat / 18. - Fitna (Strife/Trial): - Combat of Fitna / 141. - Fatuhat (Conquests): - Causes of Islamic conquests during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs / 541. - The Sahaba's (Companions) conquest of Egypt / 723. - Fujjar: The Fujar wars during the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic period) / 18. - Fakhr (Boasting): Displaying pride and arrogance in war / 1133. - Al-Fida (Ransom): Among the rulings regarding prisoners of war / 1541. - Firar (Desertion): Fleeing from combat / 1171. - Furs (Persians): - The Persians and their conflict with the Romans / 11. - The Persians declare war on Medina, and the conversion to Islam of the Persian governor in Yemen / 505. - Fadl (Virtue/Merit): - The virtue of Jihad / 835. - Reconciling the texts that make Jihad the most virtuous deed at one time, and less virtuous at another / 844. - The virtue of martyrdom and the martyrs / 1204. - Fay': Fay' as a financial resource for the army and Jihad / 1072. Qital (Combat): - Twelve types of combat in Islam, and to which does the definition of Jihad apply? / 51. - Fighting those who do not fight the Muslims / 807. - Muslims fighting alongside some disbelievers against other disbelievers / 1637. - What is the effective cause ('illah) for fighting the enemy and killing them? / 1251, 1260. - Qatl (Killing): - Categories of the enemy whom it is forbidden to intentionally kill, who are they? And can others be analogized to them? / 1244. - Situations where it is permissible to kill enemies who were originally forbidden to be fought / 1263. 1880 ¶